Palavras-chave
ChatGPT
Ensino Superior
Métodos mistos
Colaboração Docente-IA
UTAUT
TPACK
Integração Ética da IA
Como Citar
Resumo
Objetivo: Este estudo apresenta o Framework CHAT (ChatGPT, Holístico, Adaptativo e Ensino), um modelo fundamentado no contexto que integra os modelos UTAUT, TPACK e a Política de IA na Educação da UNESCO, com o objetivo de apoiar uma colaboração ética e eficaz entre docentes e inteligência artificial. A pesquisa investiga como docentes do ensino superior em Trinidad e Tobago percebem, adotam e integram ferramentas de IA generativa, especialmente o ChatGPT, em suas práticas pedagógicas e administrativas.
Método: Foi adotado um delineamento de métodos mistos sequencial explicativo. Inicialmente, realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa com 101 docentes, seguida de 11 entrevistas semiestruturadas e um grupo focal (n = 6) para explicar os resultados estatísticos. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, correlação de Spearman e ANOVA de uma via. Os dados qualitativos foram analisados tematicamente, com o objetivo de interpretar e aprofundar os achados quantitativos.
Resultados: Os resultados indicaram uma adoção moderada do ChatGPT (M = 3,47; DP = 0,81), sendo que a expectativa de esforço (ρ = 0,62; p < 0,01) e as condições facilitadoras (ρ = 0,57; p < 0,01) apresentaram as correlações positivas mais fortes com a adoção. Não foram identificadas diferenças significativas entre gênero, idade ou nível de escolaridade (p > 0,05). Os achados qualitativos revelaram entusiasmo em relação à eficiência instrucional da IA, mas também levantaram preocupações éticas relacionadas ao plágio, ao viés e à privacidade de dados.
Contribuição: Este estudo contribui com um framework empiricamente fundamentado e centrado no ser humano, que explica como as condições de adoção, as práticas pedagógicas e a mediação ética interagem na integração entre docentes e IA no ensino superior do Caribe.
Implicações práticas: O Framework CHAT oferece a formuladores de políticas públicas, gestores e educadores um modelo centrado no ser humano para orientar iniciativas responsáveis de desenvolvimento profissional e estratégias institucionais para o uso equitativo e sustentável da inteligência artificial.
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